“Brain Drain” might not truly exist in the way it is commonly perceived, according to a report published this week by UC San Diego School of Global Policy and Strategy researchers.
The report, published in Thursday’s edition of Science, found that “high-skilled emigration from developing countries may actually boost economic development, human capital and innovation in migrants’ countries of origin.”
With immigration to the United States in a state of flux under the Trump Administration, the researchers said more open trade and immigration leads to stronger economies.
“Global prosperity rises when countries have access to U.S. labor markets,” said Gaurav Khanna, study coauthor and associate professor at the School of Global Policy and Strategy. “And the U.S. benefits when it continues to attract the best global talent — whether it’s tech innovators or trained nurses. But if we shut the door, we risk losing those global gains.”
For years, it was believed that “brain drain” — the migration of educated people from their home countries — was detrimental to the country being left. But it is more complicated than that, the researchers write.
The opportunity to migrate to wealthier countries such as the United States encourages people in lower-income countries to invest in education and training, creating downstream effects strengthening both countries.
“A lot of trade works through human networks,” said Khanna. “If you’ve worked in the U.S. and return home, you know the people, the standards, the markets — and you can help build business relationships. That creates lasting value.”
The effects of expanding migration opportunities can be far-reaching, the authors write. For example, when the United States increased nursing visa access for Filipinos, enrollment in nursing schools surged — creating nine new nurses in the Philippines for every one who migrated, a statement from UCSD read. It was similar in India, where increased access to H-1B visas increased the earnings of Indians in the U.S. by 10% and raised IT employment in India by 5.8%.
Khanna and coauthors from Yale, Cornell, the World Bank and other institutions said recent changes in U.S. immigration risk undercutting both U.S. innovation and global progress.
“Earning a U.S. salary is incredibly lucrative,” said Khanna. “That motivates many people to acquire skills even if they never leave. Some eventually return home and work in their local economy; others send money back that helps educate children or launch businesses.
“All of this contributes to development. And for the U.S., by staying open to global talent, the country strengthens both its economy and the broader world.”
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