The move -- which stems from a probe launched under the prior administration -- comes as the United States and China are locked in a major trade war over President Donald Trump's tariffs and could further ratchet up tensions.
Under the new rule, per tonnage or per container fees will apply to each Chinese-linked ship's US voyage, and not at each port as some in the industry had worried.
Dominant after the Second World War, the US shipbuilding industry has gradually declined and now accounts for just 0.1 percent of global output.
The three Asian countries account for more than 95 percent of civil shipbuilding, according to UN figures.
For Chinese built ships, the fee starts at $18 per NT or $120 per container -- meaning a ship with 15,000 containers could see a whopping fee of $1.8 million.
“They drive up global shipping costs, disrupt the stability of global production and supply chains, increase inflationary pressure within the United States, and harm the interests of American consumers and businesses,“ foreign ministry spokesman Lin Jian said.
US groups representing some thirty industries had voiced their concerns in March about the risks such fees could have on the prices of imported products.
All non-US built car carrier vessels will also be hit with a fee beginning in 180 days.
A fact sheet accompanying the announcement said fees will not cover “Great Lakes or Caribbean shipping, shipping to and from US territories, or bulk commodity exports on ships that arrive in the United States empty.”
“The Trump administration’s actions will begin to reverse Chinese dominance, address threats to the US supply chain, and send a demand signal for US-built ships,“ Greer said.
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