By SUMAN NAISHADHAM and JOSEPH WILSON, Associated Press
MADRID (AP) — The cause of Spain and Portugal’s widespread blackouts remained a mystery on Tuesday, with some isolated disruption remaining after power was largely restored to both countries.
One of Europe’s most severe blackouts grounded flights, paralyzed metro systems, disrupted mobile communications and shut down ATMs across the Iberian Peninsula on Monday.
By 7 a.m. on Tuesday more than 99% of energy demand in Spain had been restored, the country’s electricity operator Red Eléctrica said. Portuguese grid operator REN said all 89 power substations were back online and power had been restored to all 6.4 million customers.
A man sells battery-powered radios and torches on a Barcelona street during the blackout in Barcelona, Spain, Tuesday, April 29, 2025. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) Passengers sleep and sit on the ground as they wait for news of train departures, at Sants train station in Barcelona, Spain, Tuesday, April 29, 2025. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) Passengers crowd the train accesses at Sants train station in Barcelona, Spain, Tuesday, April 29, 2025. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) Electric trams drive through Lisbon, Tuesday, April 29, 2025, the day after a nationwide power outage that stopped trams, trains and subways. (AP Photo/Armando Franca) Passengers react as they wait for news of train departures, at Sants train station in Barcelona, Spain, Tuesday, April 29, 2025. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) Passengers wait outside Atocha train station during a nationwide power outage in Madrid, Monday, April 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez) Passengers crowd the train accesses as other sleep at the ground at Sants train station in Barcelona, Spain, Tuesday, April 29, 2025. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) Passengers sit as they wait for news of train departures, at Sants train station in Barcelona, Spain, Tuesday, April 29, 2025. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) People queue for petrol in Lisbon, Tuesday, April 29, 2025, the day after a nationwide power outage that shut down gas stations, trains and subways. (AP Photo/Armando Franca) Passengers roam outside Atocha train station during a nationwide power outage in Madrid, Monday, April 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez) Vendors react outside their shop, during a major power outage in Barcelona, Spain, Monday, April 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) Passengers wait outside Atocha train station during a nationwide power outage in Madrid, Monday, April 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez) A medical staffer relocates a patient during a nationwide power outage in Pamplona, northern Spain, Monday, April 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Miguel Oses) People try to board a crowded bus after the subway stopped running following a power outage in Lisbon, Portugal, Monday, April 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Armando Franca) Passengers wait outside Lisbon Airport during a nationwide power outage in Lisbon, Monday, April 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Armando Franca) A vendor sit at her shop, during a major power outage in Barcelona, Spain, Monday, April 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) Garbage bags hang from the doors of electric recycling bins during a massive power outage in Pamplona, northern Spain, Monday, April 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Miguel Oses) A freight train loaded with cars is stopped on the track during a nationwide power outage near Sagunto, eastern Spain, Monday, April 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Alberto Saiz) A car drives down an unlit street in Lisbon, during a nationwide power outage, Monday night, April 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Armando Franca) People board on a bus, during a major power outage in Barcelona, Spain, Monday, April 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) A city bus goes by the historic city of Santiago, Spain during a major power outage across Spain and Portugal Monday, April, 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Mic Smith) Show Caption1 of 21A man sells battery-powered radios and torches on a Barcelona street during the blackout in Barcelona, Spain, Tuesday, April 29, 2025. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) ExpandAs life began to return to normal — with schools and offices reopening, traffic easing and public transport restarting — the authorities in Spain have yet to provide further explanations for what caused one of the most serious blackouts to ever take place in Europe.
The Southern European nation of 49 million people lost 15 gigawatts — equivalent to 60% of its national demand — in just five seconds.
On Tuesday, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez said that the government’s priorities were twofold: restoring Spain’s electrical system and finding the causes of the blackout so that a similar event “never takes place again.”
Cause remains a mystery
Such widespread electric failure has little precedent on the Iberian Peninsula or in Europe.
Eduardo Prieto, director of services for system operations at Spain’s electricity operator, noted two steep, back-to-back “disconnection events” before Monday’s blackout. Speaking at a press conference Tuesday, he said more investigation was needed to understand why they took place.
Spain’s meteorological agency, AEMET, said that it had not detected any “unusual meteorological or atmospheric phenomena” on Monday, and no sudden temperature fluctuations were recorded at their weather stations.
Portugal’s National Cybersecurity Center on Monday dismissed speculation about foul play, saying there was no sign that the outage resulted from a cyber attack.
European Council President Antonio Costa also said there were “no indications of any cyber attack,” while Teresa Ribera, an executive vice president of the European Commission, also ruled out sabotage. Nonetheless, the outage “is one of the most serious episodes recorded in Europe in recent times,” she said.
Madrid Tennis Open opening delayed
At Spain’s largest train stations, droves of travelers waited Tuesday morning to board trains, or to rebook tickets for journeys that were canceled or disrupted.
At Madrid’s Atocha station, hundreds of people stood near screens waiting for updates. Many had spent the night at the station, wrapped in blankets provided by the Red Cross. Similar scenes played out at Barcelona’s Sants station.
The Madrid Open tennis tournament being held this week was still affected by the power outage Tuesday after its cancellation the previous day. Tournament organizers delayed opening its doors.
Mainline trains still disrupted
By 11 a.m. Tuesday, service on Madrid’s metro system was fully restored. In Barcelona, the system was operating normally, but commuter trains were suspended due to “electrical instability,” the company that runs the service, Rodalies Catalunya, said on X.
In some parts of the country, commuter and mid-distance services were still suspended or running at reduced capacity.
Emergency workers in Spain said they had rescued some 35,000 passengers on Monday stranded along railways and underground, with the blackout turning sports centers, train stations and airports into makeshift overnight refuges.
Rubén Carión was stranded on a commuter train outside Madrid but managed to open a window and walk to the nearest transit station. He spent the night in Atocha station after his train back to Barcelona was canceled.
The 24-year-old said he chose to wait overnight at the station instead of a hotel so he could stay updated on when he could board a train home, describing his experience as “pure chaos.”
Associated Press video journalist Helena Alves in Lisbon, Portugal, contributed to this report.
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