In reality, shingles is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. Many people get chickenpox as children, and decades later, the virus can reactivate, causing “the snake”. This raises the question: why does the body not develop immunity after chickenpox, and why does the virus resurface later in life? With the Year of the Snake approaching, let us explore the origins of this snake-like rash and how to avoid it in the year ahead.
Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. After you have had chickenpox as a child, the virus quietly remains in your body, hiding in nerve ganglia. Once the chickenpox infection resolves, the virus does not leave. Instead, it “retreats” and waits for the right moment to reactivate.
Why do people get shingles?Shingles is often linked to the state of the immune system and several factors can trigger its reactivation:
• Ageing: The risk of developing shingles increases significantly after the age of 50, as the immune system naturally weakens with age.
• Medications: Long-term use of immune-suppressing medications – such as those used for rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, or during chemotherapy – can increase the risk of shingles.
What does shingles look like?Shingles symptoms can be divided into early and later stages. Initially, it may be hard to recognise, but as it progresses, the symptoms become much more obvious.
• Skin appearance: A few days later, the skin becomes red and small blisters form, grouped together like a “snake” coiling along the skin. These blisters typically follow the path of a nerve on one side of the body, such as the chest, waist, back or face. The good news is that the “snake” stays on one side of the body and does not cross the midline.
Is shingles dangerous?
• If the rash appears near the eyes or nose, it is important to see a doctor immediately, as it could affect the eyes and even lead to blindness.
What should you do if you get shingles?If you notice symptoms resembling a “snake” on your skin, it is important to seek medical care as soon as possible. Doctors may prescribe:
• Pain relievers: To manage pain, doctors may prescribe regular painkillers or medications specifically for nerve pain.
How can you prevent shingles?
• Shingles vaccine: It is recommended for people aged 50 and older, especially those with chronic health conditions, high stress levels or weakened immune systems. The vaccine significantly reduces the risk of developing shingles and can also decrease the likelihood of postherpetic neuralgia.
While “growing a snake” might sound frightening, it is not as serious as it may seem. With proper care and early treatment, it is possible to manage and control the condition. If you are over 50, consider getting vaccinated to reduce your risk – and to help protect your family too.
This article is contributed by Subang Jaya Medical Centre consultant dermatologist Dr Ch'ng Chin Chwen.
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