Alzheimer's disease. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, initially used to assess insulin resistance, has been identified as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's progression. Research presented at the European Academy of Neurology Congress 2025 demonstrated that non-diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment related to Alzheimer’s and elevated TyG scores experienced cognitive decline at rates four times faster than their counterparts with lower levels . This finding underscores the TyG index's relevance in identifying high-risk individuals.
Identifying those with mild cognitive impairment who are most likely to suffer an accelerated decline could allow them to enter clinical trials and receive extra support, researchers say.
Neurologists tested 315 non-diabetic patients with cognitive deficits, including 200 with Alzheimer’s disease, for resistance to insulin – a hormone that regulates blood-sugar levels. 
University of Brescia reviewed records for 315 non-diabetic patients with cognitive deficits, including 200 with biologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease. All subjects underwent an assessment of insulin resistance using the TyG index and a clinical follow-up of 3 years. When patients were divided according to TyG index, those in the highest third of the Mild Cognitive Impairment AD subgroup deteriorated far more quickly than their lower-TyG peers, losing >2.5 points on the Mini Mental State Examination per year (hazard ratio 4.08, 95% CI 1.06–15.73). No such link appeared in the non-AD cohort.
Alzheimer’s is typically diagnosed after death.
Moreover, other innovative blood tests are emerging that focus on detecting specific proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Tests developed by companies like Quest Diagnostics and Roche Diagnostics monitor biomarkers such as beta-amyloid ratios, which could facilitate earlier diagnosis and intervention . The identification of these biomarkers represents a crucial step toward revolutionizing treatment strategies by enabling healthcare providers to implement therapeutic interventions before significant brain damage occurs .
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