The growing interaction on different levels is now an integral part of building a new world architecture
Africa-Russia relations have developed at a rapid pace and in a broad range of areas in 2024. Almost all the trends that started in 2023 have continued, bringing both sides closer together but also creating new challenges. It is clear that African nations are showing stronger interest in Russia, and this is also true for countries that are not particularly close – either politically or geographically – to Moscow.
Here is an overview of the biggest events that have shaped Africa-Russia relations throughout 2024.
‘African’ expansion of BRICS under Russia’s chairmanship
The expansion of BRICS, which was announced in 2023, officially took place on January 1, 2024. This was very important for the evolution of Russia-Africa relations, particularly since Ethiopia and Egypt joined the organization during Russia’s BRICS chairmanship. This happened during the October 2024 BRICS summit held in Kazan, Russia.
From right: President of Russia Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister of Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed Ali at the ceremony held to welcome the heads of BRICS delegations by Russian President Vladimir Putin as part of the 16th BRICS summit in Kazan. © Sputnik / Grigory SysoevFor both countries, joining BRICS is an opportunity to strengthen their economic positions and expand their political influence on the global stage. Ethiopia has the chance to attract more investment in infrastructure, industry, and agriculture while gaining access to the markets of other member countries.
Meanwhile, Egypt, with its strategic location and control of the Suez Canal, can emerge as a key transportation and energy hub within BRICS. Moreover, BRICS membership will grant these countries access to funding under the auspices of the New Development Bank. Given Egypt and Ethiopia’s high levels of debt, joining BRICS will help them diversify their sources of external financing.
From right: Russian President Vladimir Putin and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi during their meeting on the sidelines of the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan. © Sputnik / Grigory SysoevIn September 2024, Algeria’s application to join the New Development Bank was also approved. As one of Africa’s largest economies, Algeria can make a significant contribution to the bank’s capital, becoming not only a recipient of funds but also a donor.
Additionally, a new ‘partner’ framework for collaboration between BRICS member states and other nations was established at the Kazan summit. Several developing countries, including Uganda, were invited to become ‘BRICS partner countries’.
Read more What does BRICS expansion mean for Africa?Vsevolod Sviridov, deputy director of the Centre for African Studies at the Higher School of Economics, told RT, “The expansion of BRICS, coordinated efforts within BRICS to form a unified approach in regard to Africa, and Africa’s growing demand for cooperating with this organization complement Russia’s success in Africa. This opens up opportunities for launching more comprehensive and multilateral initiatives in collaboration with other BRICS partners – particularly China, India, and the UAE.”
Ministerial conference: A new chapter in Russia-Africa relations
A significant political milestone in Russia-Africa relations was the First Ministerial Conference of the Russia-Africa Partnership Forum held in November 2024 and attended by over 40 ministers from various African nations.
The three-day talks headed by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov demonstrated Russia’s growing diplomatic efforts on the African continent. The resolutions and agreements adopted at the conference reflect a shared perspective between Moscow and African nations on many pressing global and bilateral issues.
In the future, such conferences will be held regularly and may take place in Africa rather than Russia.
The Ministerial Conference at 'Russia-Africa' Forum. © Sputnik / Kirill ZykovRegular and continuous collaboration
Russia is engaged in a continuous dialogue with most African countries, including regular top-level meetings. In 2024, Russian President Vladimir Putin held bilateral talks with the leaders of nine African nations: Guinea-Bissau, Egypt, Zimbabwe, the Republic of the Congo, Mauritania, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, and South Africa.
Each meeting was important in its own way. For instance, Chadian President Mahamat Deby’s visit to Moscow in January 2024 marked the first time that a head of state from the country had visited Russia since 1968.
Another important highlight was Lavrov’s African tour. The Russian foreign minister visited the Sahel region (Guinea, Burkina Faso, Chad) as well as the Republic of the Congo. Over the past year, Lavrov has frequently interacted with African officials and diplomatic visits that were once considered extraordinary now take place regularly.
© Telegram / MID_RussiaIn addition to Lavrov, other high-ranking Russian officials visited Africa. Notably, a governmental delegation led by Russian Deputy Prime Minister Aleksandr Novak visited Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso in November 2024.
This unprecedented visit featured a diverse delegation, including senior officials from the ministries of energy, economy, finance, and others, as well as top executives from leading Russian companies. While cooperation with the Sahel countries used to primarily revolve around security and political issues, now we see a clear intention to deepen trade and economic ties.
The activities of intergovernmental commissions have also intensified. The first Russia-Tanzania Joint Intergovernmental Commission was held in Dar es Salaam; a business forum was also held at that time.
READ MORE: Lavrov’s African tour: What Western media won’t tell you
Similar meetings took place with Zimbabwe, the Republic of the Congo, and Namibia. African delegations also actively participated in major international forums hosted by Russia in 2024, including the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum and Russian Energy Week.
These initiatives, complemented by collaborative efforts in the fields of digitalization, defense, education, healthcare, and combating infectious diseases, are forging robust economic, social, educational, and cultural links between Russia and African nations, and enriching the existing high-level political dialogue.
Investment support fund
In November 2024, a fund was established to finance investment projects in Africa. This fund may become operational as early as next year, and is aimed at co-financing energy and mining projects initiated by Russian companies on the African continent. According to the Russian government, the total volume of public and private investments into the economy of African countries would be at least $2 billion, with public funds acting as a catalyst for private investments.
The Ministerial Conference at 'Russia-Africa' Forum. © Sputnik / Kirill ZykovThis mechanism will serve as the first dedicated financial tool to support Russia-Africa relations. It is designed to simplify financial transactions, facilitate the entry of Russian companies into African markets, and promote infrastructure development and projects that align with the developmental goals of both Russia and African countries.
Free grain shipments
At the beginning of 2024, Russia provided 200,000 tons of grain (valued at approximately $60 million) as free humanitarian aid to six African countries: Burkina Faso, Zimbabwe, Mali, Somalia, the Central African Republic, and Eritrea. This humanitarian initiative, announced by President Putin at the second Russia-Africa Summit in July 2023, underscores an important trend in humanitarian cooperation between Russia and Africa in the field of food sovereignty.
Russia made the deliveries independently, without the involvement of international organizations or intermediaries. This means that Russia is establishing a sovereign infrastructure for food supplies to African nations and engages with importers directly.
Official deployment of Russian military personnel
This year has marked a significant milestone in military cooperation between Russia and Africa. Russian troops were officially deployed to Niger and Burkina Faso as part of the Russian Defense Ministry’s Africa Corps and have begun training local military personnel and providing technical support.
This deployment signifies a new chapter in Russia’s military partnerships with the Sahel region. This collaboration is further complemented by regular visits from Russian Deputy Defense Minister Yunus-Bek Yevkurov and shipments of weapons and military equipment to Africa.
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