Marburg virus, colloquially known as the "bleeding eye" virus, has precipitated a global travel warning due to its severe health implications. As reported, outbreaks have been confirmed in 17 countries, including Rwanda, where 15 fatalities have been recorded . The Marburg virus is characterized by symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and notably severe bleeding from various orifices, including the eyes. The high mortality rate associated with this hemorrhagic fever—approximately 50%—raises significant public health concerns and necessitates increased vigilance among travelers .
At least 66 people have been infected and 15 people have died from an outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in Rwanda as of November 29, according to an update from the country's Ministry of Health.
MVD, which is frequently fatal and is related to the much better-known Ebola virus, is sometimes known as "bleeding eye disease" because it damages people's blood vessels, causing them to bleed from various orifices including their eyes.
Mpox, the CDC says. It’s transmitted by close contact with infected individuals, or by contact with contaminated objects.
Oropouch, the CDC says, is spread by “biting midges and some mosquitoes.” While most people recover within a month, the CDC says 1 in 20 will develop a more serious disease.
After up to five days of fever, patients begun to suffer damage to their blood vessels, which can cause internal bleeding, psychological symptoms such as confusion and aggression, and persistent bleeding from the nose, gums, vagina, eyes, mouth, or ears.
WHO has classified MVD as having high pandemic potential.
Symptoms include “sensitivity to light, dizziness, pain behind the eyes, nausea, vomiting, and rash,” the CDC says, while more serious disease includes meningitis, encephalitis, and bleeding.
In addition to Marburg, concurrent outbreaks of Mpox and Oropouche viruses further exacerbate the situation. Mpox has seen over 21,000 confirmed cases globally and is transmitted through close contact . Meanwhile, Oropouche spreads via midge bites but typically causes milder symptoms unless complications arise. Health authorities are urging travelers to consult pre-travel advisories and exercise caution when visiting affected regions. This multifaceted viral threat underscores the importance of international cooperation in managing emerging infectious diseases.
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